Thermoelectric energy is the conversion of heat energy into electricity. The technology is ideally suited for small loads or to supplement the performance of solar modules in hybrid systems during winter months. Installation details are critical for this technology to be operated efficiently. In particular, performance relies on proper contact being maintained between the thermoelectric module and the hot/cold side surfaces. The thermoelectric generator must be installed to maximize the temperature difference to which it is exposed while not exceeding a specified limit.
Thermoelectric technology is extremely reliable and has been used in space missions (Voyager and Apollo lunar missions) when solar power was not available. It has also been used successfully in remote Swedish homes using wood stoves as the heat source. The electrical potential is small, but the technology is still being developed.